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[Title]
PDF eBook ѱ ̱ ҵ漼 ̱ ø 1 - U.S.A. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW FOR KOREANS [ PDF ] | ݰ | 2018 03 23 ù° Ÿ並 ּ. | Ǹ 48 Ǹ? 60,000 ǸŰ 60,00
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̱ ø 1 - U.S.A. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW FOR KOREANS 

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  | ݰ | 2018 03 23ù° Ÿ並 ּ. | Ǹ 48 Ǹ?
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2018 03 23
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īװ з

Ұ

ѱ ̱ ҵ漼 . ̱ ҵ漼 ظ ԰ ÿ ̱ ǥ ڷ. ѱ۰ ÿ αϿ ǥ ִ ڷ. Ѵ뿪 ʿϰ 忡 о鼭 ÿ 漼 ֵ ǥ. 漼 ⼺ ϱ ѱ 켱 ҵ漼 ظ .

̱ ø 1
ѱ ̱ ҵ漼


I. ҵ(Income)̶ 1

1. Ѽҵ(GROSS INCOME) 1
. Ѽҵ ⺻ 1
. Ѽҵ(Gross Income) 1
. (Realization) 3
. ҵ (Computation of Income) 4
1) ҵ(Non-Cash Income) Ǵ (Cash). 4
2) ż(Bargain Purchases) 4
. 3(3rd Party) (Payment) 5
. Ǹ (Claim of Right) 5
. ҹõκ ҵ(Income from Illegal Source) 6
. (Borrowed Money) 6
. Ģ(Tax Benefit-Inclusion Rule) 6

2. Ѽҵ ü ׸(Specific Item) 8
. κȥξ(Alimony) Ǵ ޱ(Seperate Maintenance Payment) 8
1) ȥ Ǵ (Divorce or Separation Instrument) 8
2) Ģ ִ ñ(Option to Reverse the Rule) 8
3) ʱ δ (Excessive Front-End Loading) 9
4) ̼ ڳ(Child) ξ ޱ(. Payment for Support) 9
. (Annuities) 10
. ̼ ڳ 뿪(Services of a Child) 10
1) ̼ ڳ 뿪 ޱμ ̼ ڳ ҵ濡 Ե (Payments for Child's Services Included in Child's Income) 10
2) (̼ ڳ (Kiddie Tax)). 10
. (Prizes)̳ (Awards) 11
1) . - ν (Recognition Awards) 11
2) - ٷ (Employee Achievement Awards) 12
. ٷڸ ü (Group Term Life Insurance Purchased for Employees) 12
1) ٽ ٷ(Key Employees) ؼ ܸ 12
2) - (Ordinary Life Insurance) 13
. ̿ ޿ (Deferred Compensation) 13
1) (Statutory Plans). - ٷ , ֽ ż μƼ ֽļþ(Qualified Employee Pension, Stock Purchase, and Incentive Stock Option Plans) 13
) ٷڸ μƼ ȭ (Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees) - ܼ ("SIMPLE" Retirement Accounts) 14
) ٷ ֽ ż (Employee Stock Options) 15
(1) μƼ ֽĸżþ(Incentive Stock Options) 15
(2) ٷ ֽĸż (Employee Stock Purchase Plan) 15
2) (Nonqualifying Plans) 16
. ä (Cancellation of Indebtedness) 17
1) ä Ǵ (Gain from Cancellation or Discharge of a Debt) 17
2) (Exceptions to Taxability) 17
. ֿ (Distributions to Shareholders) 18

3. (EXCLUSIONS) 19
. ź(Life Insurance) 19
1) (Transfer) 19
2) Ư (Certain Accelerated Death Benefits) 19
. (Inheritances) 20
. (Gifts) 20
. ä (Interest on Bonds) 21
. ع ȸ(Recovery of Damages) 21
1) ü Ǵ (Personal Physical Injury or Sickness) 21
2) ս ȸ(Business Recoveries) 22
3) ¡ ع(Punitive Damages) 22
. ǰ Ǵ ع ɱ(Receipts from Health and Accident Insurance) 23
1) ǹڰ (Premiums) 23
2) ְ (Premiums) 23
. ݾ ȸ(Recovery of Previously Deducted Amounts) - ùĢ(Tax Benefit Exclusion Rule) 23
. ֵ ŵ ҵ(Gain from Sale of Principal Residence) 24
. Ӵ Ͽ (Improvements by Lessee on Lessor's Property) 25
1) Ӵῡ Ͽ ̷ (Improvements Made in Lieu of Rent) 25
2) Ӵῡ Ͽ ̷ (Improvements Not in Lieu of Rent) 25
. (Educational Expenses) 26
1) б(Scholarships) 26
2) α׷(Educational Assistance Programs) 27
3) (Education Savings Accounts) 27
. ں (Contributions to Capital) 28
. Ĵ ں(Meals and Lodging) 28
. , Ȱ(Home Insurance, Living Expenses) 28
. ȸ(Social Security Benefits) 29
1) - Ǿ(Unemployment Compensation) 29
. Ϻ ٷ ߰(Certain Employee Fringe Benefits) 30
I) ߰ δ (No-additional-cost services) 30
II) ٷ (Qualified employee discounts) 30
III) ٷ ߰(Working condition fringes) 30
IV) ߰(De minimis fringes) 31
V) ߰(Qualified transportation fringes) 31
VI) ̻ (Qualified moving expense reimbursement) 31
VII) ȹ(Qualified retirement planning services) 32
VIII) δ ġ ߰(Qualified military base realignment and closure fringes) 32
IX) ְ ٷڿ Ư α׷(educational assistance programs) 32
X) ְ ٷڿ 񿵸 (nonprofit educational institutions) α׷(tuition reduction programs) 32
XI) Ϻ Ǻξ Ǵ ڳ α׷(dependent- or child-care assistance programs) 33

II. (Deductions) (Exemptions) 34

A. Ϲ 34

1. (Individuals) 34

2. (Corporations) 35

B. Ѽҵ(ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME) 36

1. ٷ ŷ Ǵ (Nonemployee Trade or Business Deductions) 41
. ̰ ʼ (Ordinary and Necessary Expenses) 41
1) ʰ ٷ ޿(Excessive Employee Remuneration) 42
2) Ÿ Ұ (Other Nondeductible Expenses) 43
3) (Business Use of Personal Residence) 43
) 뿡 ߻ ҵ濡 (Deductions Limited to Income Derived from Business Use) 44
. (Business Interest) 46
. (Taxes) 46
. (Related to Business) ս(Business Losses) Ǵ ߼ս(Casualty Losses) 46
. Ǽä(Bad Debts) 47
. [Depreciation. ںȸ(Capital Cost Recovery)] 47
1) (May Deduct Reasonable Allowance) 47
2) ü ε꿡 ȸⰣ(Cost Recovery Periods for Tangible Personal Property and Real Property) 48
3) Ư 󰢴 ڻ ȭϱ ϴ (Election to Expense Certain Depreciable Assets) 49
4) Ÿ ڻ(Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets) 50

2. ٷڸ ŷ Ǵ (Trade or Business Deductions of Employees) 52

3. ںս(Capital Losses) 53
. ġ (Worthless Securities) 53
. Ǽä(Nonbusiness Bad Debts) 53

4. Ӵ ͼӵ ִ (Deductions Attributable to Rents and Royalties) 54
. ް(Vacation Homes) 54

5. ڿ (Deductions of Self-Employed Individuals) 57

6. ̻ (Moving Expense Deduction) 58
. 50 ̻(Fifty-Mile Move) 58
. 39 ü(Thirty-Nine-Week Stay) 58

7. [ Ա(Education-Related Expenses-Qualified Education Loan)] 60

8. Ÿ (Other Deductions) 61

C. ɼҵ(ǥ. TAXABLE INCOME) 62

1. ׸ (Itemized Deductions) 63
. (Interest) 63
1) ڸ żϸ δ (Interest Incurred in Purchasing Investments) 63
) 鼼 (Tax-Exempt Securities) 63
) (Prepaid Interest) 63
2) (Mortgage Interest) 63
3) () (Personal Interest) 64
. (Taxes) 64
. ս(Nonbusiness Losses) 65
1) ߼սǰ ս(Casualty and Theft Losses) 65
) ս ݾ(Amount of Loss) 66
) ۽(Suddenness) 67
2) ڼս(Wagering Losses) 67
3) ̷ ŷ ս(Loss on Transaction Entered into for Profit) 67
4) () ڻ ŵ ս(Loss on Sale of Personal Use Assets) 68
. ڼü (Charitable Contributions) 68
1) ִ ѵ(Maximum Allowable Deduction) 68
2) αݿ ɽ(Consideration for Contribution) 69
3) (Gifts of Property) 70
4) (Substantiation Requirement) 70
. Ƿ (Medical Expenses) 71
. Ÿ ׸ (Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions) 72
1) ҵâ δ (Expenses Incurred for Production of Income) 72
2) ٷڱ (Employee Educational Expenses) 72
) Ұ (When Not Deductible) 73
) - ڿ(Self-Employed Person) 74
3) ٷ Ĵ ں(Employee Meals and Lodging) 74
) Ģ(Overnight Rule) 74
) ְ(Home) 75
) Ĵ (Limitation on Deductibility of Meals) 75
4) ٷ (Employee Transportation Expenses) 75

D. Ұ (NONDEDUCTIBLE EXPENSES) 78
1. () (Personal Expenses) 78

2. ں (Capital Expenditures) 79

3. (Entertainment Expenses) 80
. (Goodwill) 80
. ü(Facilities) 80
. (Limitation on Deductibility of Entertainment Expenses) 81
. ҰĢ (Exceptions to Nondeductibility Rule) 81

4. (Business Gifts) 83

5. 漼(Federal Taxes) 84

6. ġü Ǵ α(Direct or Indirect Contributions to Political Parties) 85

7. Ͱ Ȱ[Activities Not Engaged in for Profit (Hobbies)] - Ұ(No Deductions) 86
. (Exceptions) 86
1) (Taxes) 86
2) ̾ Ǿ (Deductions that Would Have Been Allowed If for Profit) 86
. ͸ (Presumption of Profit Motive) 87
. ް(Vacation Homes) 87
8. ұ Ȱ ս(Passive Activity Losses) 89
E. õ ɻ(origin of the expense test) 90
F. ǥذ(THE STANDARD DEDUCTION) 92
G. (. PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS) 93
1. ȥ (Married Taxpayers) 94
2. Ⱓ (Death During Year) 94
3. Ǻξڿ () (Denial of Personal Exemption to Dependents) 94

H. Ǻξڸ ߰ (. ADDITIONAL EXEMPTIONS FOR DEPENDENTS) 95

1. ̼ ڳ(Qualifying Child) 96
. (Relationship) 96
1) ȥ ̼ ڳ(Married Children) 96
2) Ż(Newborns) 97
. (Age) 97
. (Residence) 97
. ξ(Support) 97

2. ģô(Qualifying Relative) 98

3. ξ(Multiple Support Agreements) 99

4. ȥθ ̼ ڳ(Child of Divorced Parents) 100
. θ (Release by Custodial Parent) 100
. ξ (Multiple Support Agreement) 100

5. Ǻξڷμ (Spouse as Dependent) 101

III. ҵ Ⱥ(ALLOCATION OF INCOME) 102

A. ٷμҵ(EARNED INCOME) 102

B. ڼҵ(INVESTMENT INCOME) 103

1. Ǵ 絵(Transfer or Assignment of Property) 105

2. ǹڰ ҵ濡 Ǹ (When Taxpayer Has Only an Income Interest) 106

3. ̼ ̼ ڳ ٷμҵ(Unearned Income of Minor Children) 107

C. Źκ ҵ(INCOME FROM A TRUST) 108

1. Źҵ Źڿ ִ (Trust Income Benefiting Grantor) 108

2. Źڷ ȸ(Reversionary Interest in Grantor) 109

3. Ź(Trust Beneficiaries) 110
. Ź (Taxing the Trust) 110
. ұҴĢ(Throwback Rules) 110

D. (ESTATES) 112

IV. ȸ(ACCOUNTING) 113

A. Ϲ Ģ(GENERAL PRINCIPLES) 113

1. ɼҵ(ǥ. Taxable Income) (Determination) 113
2. ο ȸ (Change to New Method of Accounting) 114
3. 汹û ҵ (Commissioner May Compute Taxpayer's Income) 115
4. (Taxable Year) 116
5. ⵵ (Change of Taxable Year) 118

B. ȸ(ACCOUNTING METHODS) 119

1. (Cash Receipts and Disbursements Method) 120
. ǥ(Check) 120
. ( . Constructive Receipt) 121
. ޺(Prepaid Expenses) 121
. ҵ(Prepaid Income) 122

2. ߻(Accrual Method) 123
. ҵ(Income) 123
1) Ϲ Ģ(General Rule for Inclusion) 123
2) ҵ(Prepaid Income) 124
. (Deductions) 124
. ִ ä(Contested Liability) 124

3. ҺǸ(Installment Sales) 126

4. ڻ(Inventories) 127

C. ǿ (RELIEF FROM THE STRICT TAXABLE YEAR REQUIREMENT) 128

V. óп Ͱ ս(GAINS AND LOSSES ON DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY) 129

A. Ϲ(IN GENERAL) 129

B. (REALIZATION) 130

1. ñ(Time of Realization) 130

2. ݾ(Amount Realized) 131
. ȥڰ (Transfer of Property Between Divorcing Spouses) 131
. ż μ(Assumption of Mortgage by Purchaser) 132

C. ʰ(BASIS) 133

1. ʰ(Cost Basis) 133

2. ʰ(Basis of Gifts) 134
. ʰ ((Increased Basis for Gift Tax Paid) 135

3. 尡ġ(Fair Market Value at Death Basis) 136
. ġ ʰ (Date of Death Value Becomes Basis) 136
. Ⱓ(Holding Period) 136

4. ʰ (Adjustments to Basis) 138
. ں ((Capital Expenditures) 138
. (Depreciation) 138

5. ŷ (. Nonrecognition Transactions) 140
. ȯ(Like Kind Exchanges) 141
1) ȯ ش ʴ (Receipt of Property Not Qualifying for Like Kind Exchange) 142
2) ʰ (Adjustments to Basis of Property) 143
. ڹ ջ(Involuntary Conversions) 144
1) ڵ Ϳ (Taxable Gain on Unreinvested Proceeds) 145
2) ʰ(Basis of Property Acquired) 145
. ŷȮ(Eventual Recognition) 146
. û ŵ(Wash Sales) 146
. ڸ ŷ(Transactions Involving Related Persons) 147

D. ں ں ս(CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES) 150

1. ں ó ڻ(Assets Subject to Capital Treatment) 151
. ں ڻ (Definition of Capital Assets) 151
1) ǻ. ֽ (Dividends on Stock) 153
. 漼Թ 1231 ڻ(I.R.C. 1231 Assets) 153
1) ȸ(Depreciation Recapture) 154
2) ߼ս ս(Casualty and Theft Losses) 156
. ҵ濡 ü ҵ ó(Substitutes for Ordinary Income Treated as Ordinary Income) 157

2. Ⱓ(Holding Period) 158
. ܱ Ǵ ܱ ս(Short-Term Gain or Loss) 158
. (Long-term Gain) Ǵ ս (Long-term Loss) 158

3. ں ó(Treatment of Capital Gains) 160

4. ں ս ó(Treatment of Capital Losses) 161

5. Ϻ ұԸ ֽĿ Ư Ģ(Special Rule for Certain Small Business Stock) 162

VI. (TAXES DUE) 163

A. (IN GENERAL) 163

B. (TAX RATES) 164

C. (TAX CREDITS) 165

VII. (FILING REQUIREMENTS) 169

A. (IN GENERAL) 169

B. Ϲ (GENERAL FILING REQUIREMENTS) 172

1. ʿ (When Filing Is Not Required) 172
2. Ű(Joint Returns) 174
3. (Time for Filing) 175

C. Ϻ Ư(SOME SPECIAL FILING REQUIREMENTS) 176

1. ڿ ҵ(Self-Employment Income) 176
2. ߰ ҵ漼(Estimated Income Tax) 178

VIII. ü (ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX) 179

A. (AMOUNT OF TAX) 179

B. ׸ (EXAMPLES OF TAX PREFERENCE ITEMS) 181

IX. հ(PARTNERSHIP TAXATION) 183

A. (PASS-THROUGH CONCEPT) 183

B. (INFORMATION RETURN) 184

C. (PARTNERS' DISTRIBUTIVE SHARES) 185
1. ʰ ѵ(Basis Limitation) 186
2. ѵ(At-Risk Limitation) 187
3. ұ ս ѵ(Passive Loss Limitation) 188

D. (FORMATION OF A PARTNERSHIP) 189

E. ʰ(BASIS) 190

F. ŵ(SALE OF PARTNER'S INTEREST) 191

G. û(LIQUIDATION OF A PARTNERSHIP) 192

X. ΰ(CORPORATE TAXATION) 194

A. (TAX RATES) 195

B. ο Ư(SPECIAL DEDUCTIONS FOR CORPORATIONS) 196

1. (Dividends Received Deduction) 196
. 񿬰(Unaffiliated Corporations) 196
. (Affiliated Corporations) 197
. ұԸ (Small Business Investment Corporations) 197

2. (Organizational Expenditures) 198

C. (ORGANIZATION) 199

1. 80% (Eighty Percent Control Requirement) 200

2. ֽ̿ (Receipt of Consideration in Addition to Stock) 201
a. ν(Recognition of Gain) 201
. ս (No Loss Recognized) 202

3. (Tax Consequences of Organization) - ʰ(Basis) 203
. ο ڵ ʰ(Basis of Property Contributed to Corporation) 203
. ֿ ֽ ʰ(Basis of Stock to Shareholder) 203
. ä δ(Assumption of Liability) 204

4. νں(Thin Incorporation) 207
. Ա ں ڷ з (Consequences of Classifying Loan as Capital Contribution) 207
. з ִ (Factors Affecting Classification) 207
1) ä (Subordination of Indebtedness) 208
2) (Variable Interest Rate) 208
3) ⳪ Ѿ (No Maturity Date or Sum Certain) 208
4) ֽȯɼ(Convertibility into Stock) 208
5) ä ֱ (Debt-Equity Ratio) 208
6) Ǹ (Relationship of Interests) 209

D. (CORPORATE DISTRIBUTIONS) 210

1. (Dividend Defined) 212

2. (Distributions of Property) 213

3. ֽ Ұ ֽĴ ȯ(Redemptions of Stock) 215
. û Ұ(Liquidating Redemption) - (Not Considered Dividend) 215
. ֵǴ(Considered Dividends) κ Ұ(Partial Pro Rata Redemptions) 215
. Һ Ұ(Disproportionate Redemptions) 216
1) Ǹ Ұ(Total Redemption of Individual Shareholder's Interest) 216
2) Һ Ұ(Substantially Disproportionate Redemption) 216
3) 翡 ʴ Ұ(Redemptions "Not Essentially Equivalent to a Dividend") 217
4) (Constructive Ownership) 217

4. ֿ 뿩(Preferential Loans to Shareholders) 219

E. ұԸ [SMALL BUSINESS (SUBCHAPTER S) CORPORATIONS] 220

1. ڰݿ(Qualification) 221
. (Number and Nature of Shareholders) 222
. ֽ(One Class of Stock) 222
. õ (Source and Type of Income) 222

2. ԰ ս ֿ ͼ(Pass-Through of Earnings and Losses) 224

F. (ACCUMULATED EARNINGS) 225

G. ȸ(PERSONAL HOLDING COMPANIES) 227

1. ֽļ(Closely Held) 229

2. 60% ұؼҵ(Sixty Percent Passive Income) 230

<> 1

Ұ

ѱȣ,̱ȣ,

← End



[Title]
PDF eBook ѱ ̱ ҵ漼 ̱ ø 1 - U.S.A. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW FOR KOREANS [ PDF ] | ݰ | 2018 03 23 ù° Ÿ並 ּ. | Ǹ 48 Ǹ? 60,000 ǸŰ 60,00



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